Looking for year 11 HSC Biology practice questions? Here are few samples.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Active transport

Answer : d. Active transport

2. Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

a. Phosphate group
b. Nitrogenous base
c. Sugar
d. Amino acid

Answer : d. Amino acid

3. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

a. Production of ATP
b. Transport of proteins
c. Synthesis of lipids
d. Detoxification of harmful substances

Answer : b. Transport of proteins

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

a. Absorption of nutrients
b. Elimination of waste
c. Transportation of oxygen
d. Breakdown of food

Answer : c. Transportation of oxygen

Section B: Short Answer Questions

5. Describe the role of the mitochondria in cellular respiration.

Answer : The mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria. The ATP produced by the
mitochondria is then used by the cell to carry out its various functions.

6. Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

Answer : Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell division that occur in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process is important for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) of sexually reproducing organisms. Meiosis results in the formation of four haploid cells that are genetically unique from the parent cell.

7. Describe the function of the respiratory system.

Answer : The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. It includes the lungs, trachea, bronchi and other structures. Oxygen is taken in through the lungs and transported to the cells of the body, where it is used in cellular respiration to produce energy. Carbon dioxide, a waste product of
cellular respiration, is then transported back to the lungs and exhaled.

Section C: Extended Response Questions

8. Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell and explain how it differs from a eukaryotic cell.

Answer : Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is organized into a single circular chromosome, which is located in the nucleoid region of the cell. In addition to the nucleoid, prokaryotic cells typically have a cell membrane, cell wall, and
cytoplasm that contains ribosomes and other non-membrane-bound structures.

In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains the genetic material, as well as other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The cell membrane of eukaryotic cells is also more complex than that of prokaryotic cells, containing sterols and carbohydrates in addition to phospholipids. Eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, and can be multicellular organisms.

Overall, the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the presence or absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, the organisation of genetic material, and the complexity and size of the cell.